Measuring racial educational disparities over time amongst top achievers – Nature

Hanushek, E. A., Peterson, P. E., Talpey, L. M. & Woessmann, L. The achievement gap fails to close. Educ. Next 19, 8–17 (2019).
Google Scholar
Gillborn, D. & Youdell, D. Rationing Education: Policy, Practice, Reform, and Equity (McGraw-Hill Education, 1999).
Neal, D. & Schanzenbach, D. W. Left behind by design: proficiency counts and test-based accountability. Rev. Econ. Stat. 92, 263–283 (2010).
Google Scholar
Plucker, J. A., Burroughs, N. & Song, R. Mind the (Other) Gap! The Growing Excellence Gap in K-12 Education (Center for Evaluation and Education Policy, Indiana Univ., 2010).
Rambo-Hernandez, K. E., Peters, S. J. & Plucker, J. A. Quantifying and exploring elementary school excellence gaps across schools and time. J. Adv. Acad. 30, 383–415 (2019).
Hemelt, S. W. & Jacob, B. A. How does an accountability program that targets achievement gaps affect student performance? Educ. Finance Policy 15, 45–74 (2020).
Google Scholar
Kober, N. It Takes More than Testing: Closing the Achievement Gap. A Report of the Center on Education Policy (Center on Education Policy, 2001).
Williams, B. Closing the Achievement Gap: A Vision for Changing Beliefs and Practices (ASCD, 1996).
Ladson-Billings, G. From the achievement gap to the education debt: understanding achievement in us schools. Educ. Res. 35, 3–12 (2006).
Google Scholar
Magnuson, K. A. & Waldfogel, J. Early childhood care and education: effects on ethnic and racial gaps in school readiness. Future Child. 15, 169–196 (2005).
Google Scholar
Darling-Hammond, L. Race, inequality and educational accountability: the irony of ‘no child left behind’. Race Ethn. Educ. 10, 245–260 (2007).
Google Scholar
Gamoran, A. Standards-Based Reform and the Poverty Gap: Lessons for “No Child Left Behind” (Brookings Institution Press, 2008).
Murnane, R. J. Improving the education of children living in poverty. Future Child. 17, 161–182 (2007).
Google Scholar
Paige, R. No Child Left Behind: The ongoing movement for public education reform. Harvard Educ. Rev. 76, 461–473 (2006).
Google Scholar
Booher-Jennings, J. Below the bubble: “educational triage” and the Texas accountability system. Am. Educ. Res. J. 42, 231–268 (2005).
Google Scholar
Wyner, J. S., Bridgeland, J. M. & DiIulio Jr, J. J. Achievementrap: How America is Failing Millions of High-achieving Students from Lower-Income Families (Civic Enterprises, 2007).
Hoxby, C. M. & Avery, C. The Missing “One-offs”: The Hidden Supply of High-Achieving, Low Income Students (National Bureau of Economic Research, 2013).
Meinck, S. & Brese, F. Trends in gender gaps: using 20 years of evidence from TIMSS. Large Scale Assess. Educ. 7, 8 (2019).
Google Scholar
Plucker, J., Hardesty, J. & Burroughs, N. Talent on the Sidelines: Excellence Gaps and America’s Persistent Talent Underclass (Center for Education Policy Analysis, Univ. of Connecticut, 2013).
Guryan, J., Hurst, E. & Kearney, M. Parental education and parental time with children. J. Econ. Perspect. 22, 23–46 (2008).
Google Scholar
Hanushek, E. A. & Rivkin, S. G. Harming the best: how schools affect the black-white achievement gap. J. Pol. Anal. Manag. 28, 366–393 (2009).
Google Scholar
Meyer, M. S., Shen, Y. & Plucker, J. A. Reducing excellence gaps: a systematic review of research on equity in advanced education. Rev. Educ. Res. 94, 33–72 (2024).
Google Scholar
Plucker, J. A., Peters, S. J. & Schmalensee, S. Reducing excellence gaps: a research-based model. Gifted Child Today 40, 245–250 (2017).
Google Scholar
Plucker, J. A. & Peters, S. J. Excellence Gaps in Education: Expanding Opportunities for Talented Students (Harvard Education Press, 2020).
Kim, J., Watkins, S. & Yoon, S. W. Social justice alert: future innovators and leaders fall behind in academic achievement. Educ. Leader. Rev. 17, 129–141 (2016).
Hamilton, R. et al. Disentangling the roles of institutional and individual poverty in the identification of gifted students. Gifted Child Q. 62, 6–24 (2018).
Google Scholar
Kaul, C. R. & Davis, B. K. How the state education agencies addressed gifted education in the title II sections of their ESSA state plans. Gifted Child Today 41, 159–167 (2018).
Google Scholar
Hodges, J. & Lamb, K. Washington’s high-ability programs during the no child left behind era. J. Educ. Gifted 42, 283–302 (2019).
Google Scholar
Peters, S. J., Gentry, M., Whiting, G. W. & McBee, M. T. Who gets served in gifted education? demographic representation and a call for action. Gifted Child Q. 63, 273–287 (2019).
Google Scholar
Turner, E. O. & Spain, A. K. The multiple meanings of (in)equity: remaking school district tracking policy in an era of budget cuts and accountability. Urban Educ. 55, 783–812 (2020).
Google Scholar
Mun, R. U., Ezzani, M. D., Lee, L. E. & Ottwein, J. K. Building systemic capacity to improve identification and services in gifted education: a case study of one district. Gifted Child Q. 65, 132–152 (2021).
Google Scholar
Lockhart, K., Meyer, M. S. & Crutchfield, K. A content analysis of selected state plans for gifted and talented education. J. Adv. Acad. 33, 3–42 (2022).
Google Scholar
List, J. A. Non est Disputandum de Generalizability? A Glimpse Into the External Validity Trial (National Bureau of Economic Research, 2020).
Hyman, J. Act for all: the effect of mandatory college entrance exams on postsecondary attainment and choice. Educ. Fin. Pol. 12, 281–311 (2017).
Fryer, R. G. & Levitt, S. D. Testing for racial differences in the mental ability of young children. Am. Econ. Rev. 103, 981–1005 (2013).
Google Scholar
List, J. A., Pernaudet, J. & Suskind, D. L. Shifting parental beliefs about child development to foster parental investments and improve school readiness outcomes. Nat. Commun. 12, 1367–1378 (2021).
Google Scholar
Bond, T. N. & Lang, K. The black-white education scaled test-score gap in grades K-7. J. Hum. Resour. 53, 891–917 (2018).
Google Scholar
Gelbach, J. B. When do covariates matter? and which ones, and how much? J. Labor Econ. 34, 509–543 (2016).
Google Scholar
Autor, D., Figlio, D., Karbownik, K., Roth, J. & Wasserman, M. Males at the tails: how socioeconomic status shapes the gender gap. Econ. J. 133, 3136–3152 (2023).
Google Scholar
Jackson, C. K. & Mackevicius, C. L. What impacts can we expect from school spending policy? evidence from evaluations in the United States. Am. Econ. J. 16, 412–446 (2024).
Google Scholar
Reardon, S. F., Kalogrides, D. & Shores, K. The geography of racial/ethnic test score gaps. Am. J. Sociol. 124, 1164–1221 (2019).
Google Scholar
Hemelt, S. W. & Jacob, B. Differentiated Accountability and Education Production: Evidence from NCLB Waivers (National Bureau of Economic Research, 2017).
Cattaneo, M. D., Jansson, M. & Ma, X. Simple local polynomial density estimators. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 115, 1449–1455 (2020).
Google Scholar
Hess, F. M. & Rotherham, A. J. Can NCLB survive the competitiveness competition? Sch. Bus. Aff. 74, 8 (2008).
Card, D. & Giuliano, L. Universal screening increases the representation of low-income and minority students in gifted education. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 113, 13678–13683 (2016).
Google Scholar
Assouline, S. G., Ihrig, L. M. & Mahatmya, D. Closing the excellence gap: investigation of an expanded talent search model for student selection into an extracurricular stem program in rural middle schools. Gifted Child Q. 61, 250–261 (2017).
Google Scholar
Ihrig, L. M., Lane, E., Mahatmya, D. & Assouline, S. G. Stem excellence and leadership program: increasing the level of stem challenge and engagement for high-achieving students in economically disadvantaged rural communities. J. Educ. Gifted 41, 24–42 (2018).
Google Scholar
Calonico, S., Cattaneo, M. D., Farrell, M. H. & Titiunik, R. rdrobust: Software for regression-discontinuity designs. Stata J. 17, 372–404 (2017).
Google Scholar
Calonico, S., Cattaneo, M. D. & Titiunik, R. Robust nonparametric confidence intervals for regression-discontinuity designs. Econometrica 82, 2295–2326 (2014).
Google Scholar
Hartman, E. Equivalence testing for regression discontinuity designs. Polit. Anal. 29, 505–521 (2021).
Google Scholar
White, R. & DeGrow, B. A Survey of Michigan’s Private Education Sector. A Mackinac Center Report (ERIC, 2016).
List, J. A., Shaikh, A. M. & Vayalinkal, A. Multiple testing with covariate adjustment in experimental economics. J. Appl. Econometrics 38, 920–939 (2023).
Google Scholar
Kline, P., Rose, E. K. & Walters, C. R. Systemic discrimination among large US employers. Q. J. Econ. 137, 1963–2036 (2022).
Google Scholar
Hartman, E. RDD equivalence test. Github https://github.com/ekhartman/rdd_equivalence/blob/master/RDD_equivalence_functions.R?raw=TRUE (2020).
Cattaneo, M. D., Idrobo, N. & Titiunik, R. A Practical Introduction to Regression Discontinuity Designs: Foundations (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2019).